Greater perceived fossil fuel reliance predicts lower support for systemic climate policies

Systemic transformation through large-scale policy changes that restructure energy and economic systems is necessary to effectively mitigate climate change. These policies, however, directly challenge existing fossil fuel systems, potentially reducing support among citizens who perceive their economy as dependent on these resources. This study (N = 296), conducted in the United Kingdom, found that individuals who perceived their country as more reliant on fossil fuels were less likely to view systemic change (but not individual behaviour change) as key to addressing climate change and showed lower preference for systemic policies over individual-level policies. These associations remained after controlling for political orientation, household income, or concerns about personal financial consequences of climate policies. These findings reveal that perceived fossil fuel reliance is linked to support for systemic climate action, and point to the importance of climate communication that directly addresses public anxieties about moving away from fossil-based energy systems.